Dangerous Goods Definition

Dangerous goods are articles or substances which are capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety or to property when transported by air and which are classified according to section 3

PURPOSE OF THE DANGEROUS GOODS REGULATIONS

The IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations are published in order to provide procedures for the shipper and the operator by which articles and substances with hazardous properties can be safely transported by air on all commercial air transport.

Appendices

A Glossary

B Nomenclature

C Currently Assigned Substances

E Competent Authorities

F Packaging Testing Facilities,

Manufacturers and Suppliers

G Bibliography

Dangerous Goods Regulations

the verb shall and must is mandatory

the verb should and may are preferred

DGR 1.3.1.3

1.2 Application of these Regulations

all airlines which are Members or Associate Members of IATA

applicable for the transport of dangerous goods by air from, to or through the Member States of ICAO

an operator or State can impose special requirements

1.3.3 Special Arrangements for
Infectious Substance:

1.3.3.1 Before offering any infectious substances for carriage, the shipper :-

must have made advance arrangements with the consignee;

received confirmation that the substance may be legally imported without delay in delivery;

made advance arrangements with the operator to ensure expeditious carriage;

notified the consignee of all shipping details (see DGR 9.1.2)

See 9.1.1 – 9.1.4

DGR 1.5.0

General Information

Function Specific

Safety

recurrent – 24 months

DGR 1.5.2

details subject matter – Training Curricula

DGR 1.5.3

Training approved by CAA

DGR 1.5.4

Record of training to be kept

Made available on request

2.0 Limitations

2.1 Dangerous Goods Forbidden

2.2 Hidden Dangerous Goods

2.3 Dangerous Goods Carried by Passengers or Crew

2.4 DGs in Air Mail

2.5 DGs in Operator’s Property

2.6 DGs Permitted as Air Cargo

2.6.3 DGs Permitted by these Regulations

2.7.4 DGs shipper’s Responsibilities

2.1 Dangerous Goods Forbidden

2.1.1 Dangerous Goods Forbidden in Aircraft under Any Circumstances

2.1.2 Dangerous Goods Forbidden

Unless Exempted

(c) Infected live animals.

2.2 Hidden Dangerous Goods

Typical examples are listed below:

“DIAGNOSTIC SPECIMENS” may contain infectious substances

.

“FROZEN EMBRYOS” may contain refrigerated liquefied gases or carbon dioxide, solid (Dry Ice).

“LABORATORY/TESTING EQUIPMENT” may contain dangerous chemicals.

“MEDICAL SUPPLIES” may contain dangerous chemicals.

“VACCINES” may be packed in Carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice).

2.4 Dangerous Goods in Air Mail

2.4.1.

(a) Infectious substances, provided a “shipper’s Declaration” accompanies the consignment,

(b) Carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice) when used as a refrigerant for infectious substances.

NB: not applicable from or to the UK

2.6 Dangerous Goods Permitted as Air Cargo

Dangerous goods are permitted to be transported as cargo under the conditions of an exemption issued by all States concerned, under the conditions of an approval issued by the State of origin or under the conditions of these Regulations. Exemptions and approvals are used for items, which are normally forbidden for transport on passenger aircraft or on passenger and cargo aircraft.

2.6.3 Dangerous Goods Permitted by these Regulations

Dangerous goods which are not absolutely forbidden

Very small quantities – as cargo only and excepted from the marking, loading and documentation requirements

Referred to as “Dangerous Goods in Excepted Quantities”.

NB: not applicable to Infectious Substances (DGR 2.7.2.j)

GBG-05

Infectious substances, including diagnostic specimens and biological products, are not permitted in international mail either to or from the UK. Infectious substances, including diagnostic specimens and biological products, are not permitted in domestic mail except under special arrangements. For further information.

USG-12

On shipments to, from, within or transiting through the U.S., emergency response information as described below must be provided for all dangerous goods other than magnetized material (UN 2807) and dangerous goods for which no shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods is required.

Telephone Number:

The shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods required by these Regulations must include a 24-hour emergency response telephone number (including area codes and for international numbers for locations outside the U.S., the international access code and country and city codes needed to complete the call from within the U.S.) for use in the event of an incident involving the dangerous good(s).

The number must be monitored at all times by a person who:

(a) is knowledgeable of the hazards and characteristics of the dangerous good(s) being transported;

(b) has comprehensive emergency response and accident mitigation information for the dangerous good(s); or

(c) has immediate access to a person who possesses such knowledge and information.

AUG-03 Australia

Infectious substances otherthan human blood products, human urine and human tissue, are prohibited from entry to Australia without prior approval from Australian Health Authorities.. name given.

CHG-01 Switzerland

Hair curlers and other flammable gas powered devices and their replacement cartridges are not permitted on one’s person or in checked or carry-on baggage.

NLG-02 Netherlands

Dangerous goods, as defined in these regulations, are not permitted in airmail to, from or through the Netherlands

VUG-02 Vanuatu

.

Infectious substances are prohibited from entry to Vanuatu without prior from the Vanuatu Government Department of Health

2.9.3 Operator Variations

5X United Parcel Service

5X-04 The following classes/divisions of dangerous goods are prohibited from UPS international air services under any circumstances:

Division 6.2 (Infectious Substances).

C0-07 Continental Airlines

Division 6.2 infectious substances (other than transmitted to laboratories for diagnostic purposes or finished biological products bearing the US Government licence number of manufacturer and intended for human or veterinary use) will not be accepted for carriage.

LH-03 Deutsche Lufthansa/Lufthansa Cargo AG

Infectious substances, UN2814 and UN2900 will not be accepted in airmail

.

NG-03 Lauda Air Luftfahrt AG.

No dangerous goods shipments will be accepted to Hong Kong, United Kingdom and Singapore.

QF-05 Qantas

Diagnostic specimens packed in accordance with packing instruction 650 are not permitted in the passenger cabin and must be lodged as cargo.

RG-05 Varig

For international routes, reservations must be made for all shipments containing dangerous goods ….

RG-06 Vari

Telephone number: The shipper’s declaration for Dangerous Goods .. must include a 24-Hour emergency response number (including area codes and international access codes).

Emergency Response Information: besides the shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods must be accompanied by its respective Material Safety Data Sheet.

TR-06 Transbrasil Airlines

Telephone number: The shipper’s declaration for Dangerous Goods .. must include a 24-Hour emergency response number (including area codes and international access codes).

3.0 Classification

The operator(s) that carry a product is (are) completely dependent on the shipper for classification

3.0.2 Hazard Classes

Some hazard classes are further subdivided into hazard divisions due to the wide scope of the class. The nine hazard classes and their divisions are listed below. The order in which they are numbered is for convenience and does not imply a relative degree of danger.

1 Explosives

2 Gases

2.2 Non-Flammable, Non-toxic

Nitrogen, Refrigerated liquid

3 Flammable liquids

4 Flammable solids;

5 Oxidizing substances and Organic Peroxide

6 Toxic and Infectious Substances

6.1 — Toxic substances.

6.2 — Infectious substances.

7 Radioactive Material

8 Corrosives

9 Miscellaneous

Dry Ice or Carbon dioxide, solid

Genetically modified micro-organisms

3.0 Classification

Distinct meaning for: –

Infectious substance

Genetically modified organisms

Biological products

Diagnostic specimens

Clinical & Medical Waste

3.6.2 Division 6.2

Infectious substances

3.6.2.1 Definition

Division 6.2 includes substances which are infectious to humans and/or animals and include genetically modified micro-organisms and organisms, biological products, diagnostic specimens and clinical and medical waste as described in 3.6.2.1.1 to 3.6.2.1.5

Classification Division 6.2

3.6.2.1.1

Infectious Substances: Substances known to contain, or reasonably expected to contain micro-organisms … that are known or reasonably expected to cause infectious disease in humans or animals.

Infectious substances are not subject to Regs. if they are unlikely to cause disease.

Risk Groups – WHO

Risk

Individual risk community
Gp 1 very low very low
Gp 2 moderate low
Gp 3 high low
Gp 4 high high

WHO – Laboratory Biosafety Manual (2nd Edition, 1993)

Diagnostic Specimens

DGR 3.6.2.1.4

any human or animal material including but not limited to, excreta, secreta, blood and its components, tissue and tissue fluids, being shipped for purposes of diagnosis, but, excluding infected animals.

3.6.2.4 Classification of

Diagnostic Specimens

(a) those known or reasonably expected to contain pathogens in risk groups 2,3, and 4.

Those where a relatively low probability exists that risk group 4 are present.

Specimens transported for the initial or confirmatory testing for the presence of pathogens fall within this group

Packing Instruction 602

(b) those where a relatively low probability exists that pathogens of risk group 2 or 3 are present. Specimens transported for the purpose of initial diagnosis for other than the present of pathogens or specimens transported for routine screening tests fall within this group

Packing Instruction 650

(C) Those known not to contain pathogens (not restricted).

Note: Diagnostic specimens should only be regarded, as in (C) above if there is no reason to suspect a pathogen in risk group 2, 3or 4 is present.

3.6.2.1.2 Genetically Modified Micro-organisms and organisms

These are micro-organisms and organisms in which genetic material has been purposely altered through genetic engineering in a way that does not occur

naturally.

They are divided into four groups

(a) Genetically Modified Micro-organisms which meet the definition of an infectious substance

They must be classified in division 6.2 and assigned un2814 or un2900

(b) animals which contain, or are contaminated with, genetically modified organisms that meet the definition of an infectious substance

They must not be transported by air unless exempted by the states concerned under provisions 2.6.1

(c) Genetically Modified Organisms, which are known or suspected to be dangerous to humans, animals or the environment.

They must not be transported by air unless exempted by the states concerned under provisions 2.6.1

(d) Except when authorised for unconditional use by the Sates of origin, transit and destination, genetically modified micro-organisms which do not meet the definition of infectious substances but which are capable of altering animals, plants or micro-biological substances in a way which is not the result of natural reproduction must be classified as class 9 and assigned UN 3245

Genetically modified micro-organisms and organisms which do not meet the definition of an infectious substances, and which are not otherwise included under

(a) – (d) above are not subject to these Regs.

3.6.2.1.5 Clinical Waste and Medical Waste

Wastes transported under UN 3291

low probability that infectious substances are present.

Waste infectious substances

which can be specified must be assigned to UN 2814 or UN 2900.

Decontaminated wastes

not subject to these Regulations

Animals

DGR 3.6.2.5

Live vertebrate or invertebrates animals must not be used to consign infectious substances unless such substances cannot be consigned by any other means.

Infected live animals must not be transported by air unless exempted in accordance with 2.1.2

4 Identification

4.1 Proper Shipping name

4.2 List of Dangerous Goods (Alpha)

4.3 List of Dangerous Goods (Number)

4.4 Special provisions

4 Identification – steps

1 Locate Proper Shipping Name A/B

2 Determine Class or Div, Number C/D

3 Note Hazard Label(s) E

4 Note Packing Group F

5 Determine Packing Instruction G/I

6 Determine Quantity Limits H/J

7 Check Special Provisions K

4 Identification

4.0.1 Proper Shipping Name

“List of Dangerous Goods”, may be found in 4.1.6.

The proper shipping names are shown in bold type.

Example:-

UN 2814 Infectious substance, affecting humans (Technical name)

UN 2900 Infectious substance, affecting animals (Technical name) only

UN 3245 Genetically modified microorganisms

UN3291 Medical Waste n.o.s.

n.o.s. = Not otherwise specified

5.0 Packing

5.0.1 shipper’s Responsibility

5.0.1.1 General: The shipper is responsible for all aspects of the packing of dangerous goods in compliance with these Regulations.

5.0.1.2 shipper’s Specific Responsibility

A) Comply with packing requirement

B) Use only permitted packaging

C) Do not exceed limit requirements

D) Assemble and secure packaging correctly

E) Ensure responsibilities have been met before presentation for shipment

Packaging selection

Volume of product

Passenger aircraft

Cargo aircraft

Dry Ice

Short or long haul

Primary container

Package has been tested with your primary container.

5.0.4 Conditions Normal to Air Transport

5.0.4.1 Temperature
– -400C to + 550C

5.0.4.2 Pressure
– extreme may be in order of 68kPa (0.68 bar or 10 lb/in2
5.0.4.3 Vibrations

1 g to 8 g acceleration

5.0.1.4 Package/Overpack Re-use

The shipper must ensure that before a packaging is authorised for re-use, or an overpack is re-used, all inappropriate dangerous goods markings and labels are removed or completely obliterated.

Overpacks

Definition: An enclosure used by a single shipper to contain one or more packages and to form one handling unit for convenience of handling and stowage. Dangerous goods packages contained in the overpack, must be properly packed, marked, labeled and in proper condition as required by these Regulations.

5.0.1.5 Overpacks:

The shipper must ensure that where an overpack is used to enclose packages of dangerous goods, the following requirements must be met:

(a) Incompatible substances

(b) properly packed, marked, labeled

5.0.2 General Packing Requirements

Packaging quality

Packaging Test Requirements

materials of construction

Temperature and Vibration Resistance

absorbent material

ullage

Internal Pressure Standards

5.0.2.11 ‘Q’ Values

An outer packaging may contain more than one item of dangerous goods provided that:

(a) They do not react together

(b) They do require segregation according to the regulations

(c) The outer package does not contain inner packagings of Division 6.2 (Infectious Substances) and inner packagings of unrelated types of goods, except as permitted under packing Instruction 602.

(d) The inner packagings are applicable to the item being shipped

(e) The outer packagings is permitted by each of the appropriate packing instructions

(f) The package meets the requirements for the most restrictive packing group of the substance being shipped.

(g) The quantities of different dangerous goods contained in one outer packaging must be such that ‘Q’ does not exceed the value of 1, where ‘Q’ is calculated as follows:-

Where n1, n2, etc. are the net quantities per package of the different dangerous goods and M1, M2, etc. are the maximum quantity limits per package for the different dangerous goods.

(h) the following dangerous goods do not need to be taken into account:-

Carbon dioxide, solid (Dry Ice) UN 1845

Those where columns H, J and L show no limits

Those with the same UN number and packing group …

5.0.2.15 Venting of Packagings

to reduce internal pressure, which may develop by the evolution of gas from the contents, is not permitted for air transport, except as otherwise specified in these Regulations.

Dry Ice packages must be vented

5.0.2.16 Orientation

infectious substances in primary receptacles exceeding 50 ml (1.7 fl.oz),

must be packed so that the closures on the inner packagings are upward

“THIS SIDE UP” on side or “THIS END UP” may also be displayed on the top cover of the package.

.0.5 Transitional Arrangements

Packages produced before 1 Jan 1995 not acceptable after 1 Jan 1999

Infectious substance packaging produced to 37th Edition IATA Regs. (1996) can be used until 31 Dec 2000

PACKING INSTRUCTION 602

Shippers of infectious substances

must comply with these Regulations

must ensure that shipments are prepared in such a manner that they arrive at their destination in good condition

and that they present no hazard to persons or animals during shipment.

Packages must be at least 100mm (4 in) in the smallest overall external dimension

The packaging must include:

(a) inner packagings comprising:

a watertight primary receptacle(s),

a watertight secondary packaging,

an absorbent material which must be placed between the primary receptacle(s) and the secondary packaging.

Absorbent material is not required for solid substances

Multiple primary receptacles placed in a single secondary packaging

must be wrapped individually

The absorbing material, for example cotton wool, must be sufficient to absorb the entire contents of all primary receptacles.

(b) an outer packaging of sufficient strength meeting the design type tests

bearing the Specification Markings as required by 6.0.6 for shipments of infectious substances

other than those containing large body parts and whole organs which require special packaging.

For all packages containing infectious substances

an itemized list of contents must be enclosed between the secondary packaging and the outer packaging.

The primary receptacle or the secondary packaging used for infectious substances must be capable of withstanding, without leakage, an internal pressure which produces a pressure differential of not less than 95 kPa (0.95 bar, 13.8 lb./in2 ) in the range of -400C to +550C (-400F to 1300F).

All packages containing infectious substances must be marked durably and legibly on the outside of the package with the :-

NAME and TELEPHONE NUMBER OF A PERSON RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SHIPMENT.

Shipments of Infectious Substances of Division 6.2 require the shipper to make advance arrangements with the consignee and the operator to ensure that the shipment can be transported and delivered without unnecessary delay.

The following statement (required by 8.1.6.12) must be included in the Additional Handling Information area of the shipper’s Declaration:

“Prior arrangements as required by the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations 1.3.3.1 have been made.”

Substances shipped at ambient temperatures or higher: Primary receptacles may only be of glass, metal or plastic. Positive means of ensuring a leak-proof seal must be provided, such as heat seal, skirted stopper or metal crimp seal. If screw caps are used, these must be reinforced with adhesive tape.

Substances shipped refrigerated

Ice or Carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice) must be placed outside the secondary packaging(s).

Interior support must be provided to secure the secondary packaging(s)

If ice is used, the packaging must be leak-proof.

If Carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice) is used, the outer packaging must permit the release of carbon-dioxide gas.

The primary receptacle and the secondary packaging must maintain their containment integrity at the temperature of the refrigerant used as well as at the temperatures and pressure(s) of air transport to which the receptacle could be subjected if refrigeration were to be lost.

Substances shipped refrigerated – Liquid Nitrogen

Dry Shipper

packing instruction 202

testing requirements Subsection 6.5

marking requirements 6.0.6

or for infectious substances transported in liquid nitrogen, separated and supported to ensure that contact between them is prevented

Lyophilized substances

Primary receptacles must be either flame-sealed glass ampoules or rubber-stoppered glass vials with metal seals.

Packing Instruction 650

Identical to 602

Leakproof primary

Leakproof secondary

Outer packaging

100 mm (4 in) minimum

Testing not required, but must be capable of passing, as per packing instruction 602.

Maximum limit in primary container

Diagnostic 500 ml

maximum limit in secondary container

Diagnostic 4 Litres

Absorbent Material

must be placed between primary and secondary

no absorbent required for solids

multiple samples to be wrapped individually

Outer packaging adequate strength for its capacity, weight and intended use

drop test (reduced to) not less than 1.2M

AirwayBill

– Each package and the “Nature and Quantity of Goods” box of the air waybill must show the text “DIAGNOSTIC SPECIMENS” PACKED IN COMPLIANCE WITH IATA PACKING INSTRUCTION 650″.

A shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods is not required.

Instruction 904

Designed to prevent buildup of gas

Net Weight of Carbon Dioxide, must be marked on outside of package

Internal support required

Arrangements between shipper and operator

shipper’s Declaration required only when shipping dangerous goods

Packing Instruction 913

Genetically modified organisms must be packaged according to packing instruction 602,

except that the packagings need not be tested

maximum quantity in primary not to exceed 100 ml or 100g.

Section 6

Packaging Specification and Performance Tests

Compliance Markings

4G/Class 6.2/98/S/S-9410

4GU/Class 6.2/98/S/S-9410

4GW/ Class 6.2/98/S/S-9410

6.0.4.1 Markings

4G CLASS 6.2/98/DK/SP-9989

UN United Nations symbol

4G Fibreboard box

4 = box G = fibreboard

Class 6.2 Text

98 Year of manufacture

DK State

SP-9989 Manufacturer

4GU Tested with fragile glass primaries. Any primary can be used within the packaging provided that the gross mass of the inner packaging is less than 50% of that tested

4GW The design of the package differs in some respect to the design type. Requires CAA approval in UK

6.0.3.4 Packaging Type Code

The packaging type is indicated by Arabic numerals as follows:

1 Drum

2 Wooden barrel

3 Jerrican.

4 Box.

5 Bag.

6 Composite packaging

7 Pressure receptacle

6.0.3.5 Packaging Material Code

The construction material is indicated by Latin characters as follows:

A Steel .

B Aluminium.

C Natural wood.

D Plywood.

F Reconstituted wood.

G Fibreboard.

H Plastic material.

L Textile

M Paper

N Metal

P Glass, porcelain, stoneware

6.2.11 Fibreboard Boxes

4G Fibreboard boxes

6.2.11.2 Strong and good quality solid or double –faced corrugated fibreboard (single or multi-wall) must be used, appropriate to the capacity of the box and to its intended use. The water resistance of the outer surface must be such that the increase in weight, as determined in a test carried out over a period of 30 minutes by the Cobb method of determining water absorption, is greater than 155 g/m2. It must have proper bending properties. Fibreboard must be cut, creased without scoring, and slotted so as to permit assembly without cracking, surface breaks or undue bending. The fluting of corrugated fibreboard must be firmly glued to the facings.

6.2.11.4 Manufacturing joins in the body of boxes must be taped, lapped and glued or lapped and stitched with metal staples. Lapped joins must have an appropriate overlap.

6.2.11.5 Where closing is affected by gluing or taping, a water resistant adhesive must be used.

6.2.11.6 Boxes must be designed so as to provide a good fit to contents.

6.2.11.7 Maximum net weight: 400 Kg (880lb).

PACKAGE TESTING

Tested by Government authorised testing agency (DGR Appendix F2)

UK

– Packing Industry Regulatory Authority
(PIRA International)

Test and Certify

6.3.1 PACKAGE TESTING

Performance and frequency

by procedures established by National Authority

before package used

repeated on production samples

after modifications

innerpack variation provided an equivalent level of performance is maintained

Free Drop Test (9 Meters – 27 Feet)

Puncture Test

Stack Test

Primary receptacle or secondary packaging must withstand an internal pressure of not less than 95 kPa (0.95 bar

6.3.3 Drop Test

Free drop of 9 Meters (27 Feet)

Conditioning required

Simulated rain, 1 Hr @ 50 mm/ Hr

-18 degrees Centigrade for 24 Hr.

Dropped flat on

base, top, longest side, shortest side, corner

Pass = no leakage from primary container

6.5.2 Puncture Test

7Kg cylindrical rod,

Diameter not exceeding 38mm (1.5 in)

Impact end edge 6mm (0.25 in)

Vertical free fall of 1 M (3 ft)

Pass = no leakage from inner packaging

6.3.6 Stack Test

Minimum height of stack 3 m (10ft)

24 Hours duration

Pass = Test sample must not leak.

7.0 Marking and Labeling

shipper’s Specific Responsibilities

7.1.1

Relevant markings

correct location

quality

specification

durability

remove or obliterate irrelevant markings

specification marks

7.1.4 Markings for Overpacks

Overpack 7.1.4.2 When these Regulations require the use of packagings bearing UN Specification Markings, the statement

“INNER PACKAGES COMPLY WITH PRESCRIBED SPECIFICATIONS”

must appear on an overpack used to enclose these packages, unless such markings are visible.

7.2.6.3 Cargo Aircraft

7.2.6.3 Cargo Aircraft Only Label: When a

“Cargo Aircraft Only”

label is required; it must be affixed adjacent to the hazard label(s).

7.2.6.2

7.2.6.2.1

Labels must be on the same surface of the package near the